China to Launch Xihe-2 Solar Probe to Sun-Earth L5 Point by 2029

Pioneering Mission to the Sun-Earth L5 Point

China is set to embark on a groundbreaking space mission with the planned launch of its solar exploration satellite, Xihe-2, also known as the Lagrange-V Solar Observatory. The probe is slated for deployment to the Sun-Earth L5 point between 2028 and 2029, a strategic location approximately 150 million kilometers from Earth. This endeavor will mark the first time an artificial probe is stationed at this particular Lagrange point, offering unprecedented opportunities for solar research and space weather monitoring.

Enhanced Space Weather Forecasting and Solar Observation

The primary objectives of the Xihe-2 mission are to study solar activity, monitor space weather, and significantly improve forecasting capabilities for potentially hazardous solar events. From its vantage point at L5, the probe will conduct high-precision measurements of solar magnetic fields and observe three-dimensional solar eruptions. Experts anticipate that Xihe-2 will be able to forecast solar flares and other critical space weather events four to five days in advance, providing crucial lead time for Earth-based preparations.

The mission is also expected to investigate the origin and evolution of magnetic fields within the solar active region and reveal the three-dimensional structure and physical mechanisms of solar bursts.

Strategic Importance of the L5 Point

The Sun-Earth L5 point is a gravitational equilibrium position where the gravitational forces of the Sun and Earth balance, allowing a spacecraft to maintain its orbit with minimal fuel consumption. This stability makes it an ideal location for long-term observations. The L5 point's unique perspective enables earlier detection of solar activity compared to Earth-based observations. The Xihe-2 is designed for a service life of up to seven years once positioned at L5.

The mission is a collaborative effort involving Nanjing University, the China Meteorological Administration, and the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology. This initiative follows China's previous solar exploration satellite, Xihe, launched in October 2021, which conducted solar observations from Earth orbit.