Iran Regime Grapples with Internal Strife Amidst Widespread Protests and 'War Conditions'

Escalating Unrest Grips Iran

The Islamic Republic of Iran is currently experiencing a period of profound instability, characterized by widespread anti-government protests and significant internal political divisions. Demonstrations, which began on December 28, 2025, initially sparked by economic grievances, have escalated into a broad movement challenging the clerical establishment across all 31 provinces.

The protests reached a peak around January 7 and 8, 2026, with millions reportedly taking to the streets. Eyewitness accounts and human rights organizations describe a brutal state response, including the use of live ammunition and pellet guns, leading to thousands of protester deaths and tens of thousands of arrests. Security forces have reportedly deployed foreign militias, such as the Fatemiyoun division and Iraqi Shia militias, to suppress the unrest, indicating potential distrust in local forces.

'War Conditions' and Digital Blackout

Observers and even some regime officials have described the situation in Iranian cities as 'war conditions.' This characterization reflects the heavy security presence, frequent clashes, and the severe measures taken by authorities. Since January 8, 2026, the regime has imposed a near-total internet blackout, which has lasted over 280 hours, severely limiting communication and information flow.

Reports indicate that hospitals in cities like Shiraz have been placed under 'martial law,' with security forces controlling medical centers and pressuring families of the injured and deceased. The crackdown has extended to businesses, with the regime targeting merchants who supported the protests, risking further economic tension.

Deepening Internal Fractures Within Leadership

Amidst the public unrest, the Iranian regime is reportedly facing deepening political fractures within its leadership. A 'bitter feud' has emerged between powerful factions, including the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and the hardline Steadfastness Front (Jebhe Paydari). This internal discord has been exacerbated by the ongoing crisis, with some analysts suggesting the regime's unity is a 'mirage.'

Public criticism has also been directed at President Masoud Pezeshkian, with Members of Parliament reportedly attacking him and urging his resignation, stating he is 'not the man for this field' during these 'war conditions.' This internal strife highlights a regime grappling with its ability to maintain control and present a unified front in the face of unprecedented challenges.

International Response and Ongoing Concerns

The international community has reacted to the escalating situation. The United States has imposed new sanctions on Iranian security officials and members of its 'shadow banking' network. US President Donald Trump has issued statements urging protests to continue and threatening 'very strong action' if the regime executes protesters. The UN Human Rights Council is scheduled to hold a special session to address the 'alarming violence' in Iran. Exiled opposition figures, such as Reza Pahlavi, have called for unified protests and a transitional government.