China Connects World's First Commercial Supercritical CO2 Power Generator to Grid

Groundbreaking Grid Connection Achieved

China has achieved a significant milestone in energy technology with the successful connection of the world's first commercial supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power generator to its national grid. The grid connection occurred on November 10, as announced by the China National Nuclear Corporation's (CNNC) Nuclear Power Institute of China. This pioneering system is situated at the state-owned Shougang Shuicheng Steel plant in Liupanshui, Guizhou province.

Revolutionary Supercritical CO2 Technology

Unlike traditional power generation systems that rely on steam, this innovative generator utilizes carbon dioxide in a supercritical state to transfer heat. Supercritical carbon dioxide is denser than steam, allowing for the use of smaller turbines and other components while maintaining the same power output. The system operates on a Brayton cycle, a thermodynamic cycle that efficiently converts thermal energy into mechanical work. This technological approach is expected to deliver substantial efficiency improvements.

Enhanced Efficiency and Diverse Applications

The facility comprises two 15-megawatt (MW) power units, totaling 30 MW, and is designed to generate electricity from the waste heat produced during steel manufacturing. These units are projected to be 50 percent more efficient in capturing and utilizing waste heat compared to existing steam power technologies. The combined capacity is capable of powering approximately 30,000 US households. Beyond its immediate application in industrial waste heat recovery, this supercritical CO2 technology holds transformative potential for next-generation nuclear reactors, advanced energy systems, mobile nuclear power sources, and even spacecraft due to its high efficiency and compact design.

A Decade of Development Culminates in Commercial Operation

The successful grid connection is the culmination of over a decade of research and development by the Nuclear Power Institute of China. The institute achieved stable, full-power supercritical carbon dioxide power generation in a laboratory setting in 2019. Construction of the commercial units began in October 2023, in collaboration with Jigang International Engineering and Technology. This achievement underscores China's commitment to advancing clean energy solutions and positions it at the forefront of this promising energy technology.