Japan Signals Enhanced Defense Posture Ahead of Trump Visit

Introduction to a Shifting Security Landscape

In November 2017, Japan's then-Foreign Minister Taro Kono announced the nation's intention to strengthen its defense capabilities and update its security strategy. This message was conveyed during a visit by then-U.S. President Donald Trump, signaling a significant moment for the U.S.-Japan alliance and regional stability.

The 'New' Foreign Minister and Diplomatic Context

Taro Kono, who had been appointed Foreign Minister on August 3, 2017, just months prior to President Trump's visit, emphasized Japan's readiness to assume a more substantial role in regional security. President Trump's visit to Japan, which commenced on November 5, 2017, and concluded on November 7, 2017, included discussions aimed at strengthening the alliance and addressing security challenges.

Japan's Evolving Defense Strategy

Under Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's administration, Japan had already been on a trajectory of increasing its defense spending since 2012. The cabinet approved a 1.4 percent increase in defense spending for the fiscal year starting April 1, 2017, bringing the budget to ¥5.13 trillion (approximately $43.5 billion). This marked the fifth consecutive annual increase. For fiscal year 2018, the defense budget further rose to ¥5.19 trillion (approximately $49 billion).

This defense buildup included the acquisition of advanced military hardware, such as:

• F-35A Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters
• Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft
• AAV7 amphibious assault vehicles
• Additional Soryu-class diesel-electric attack submarines

The strategy also involved increased investment in defense research and development. This shift was partly a reorientation of the Self-Defense Forces (SDF) from a focus on potential threats from the north to addressing air and maritime challenges posed by China in the southwest.

Strengthening the Alliance and Addressing Regional Threats

The impetus for Japan's enhanced defense posture was primarily driven by a 'very severe' security environment in the region, particularly due to North Korea's ongoing missile and nuclear development programs and China's growing assertiveness. During his visit, President Trump reiterated the U.S. commitment to Japan's defense and pledged to make highly sophisticated defensive equipment, especially for ballistic missile defense, available to Japan. He also welcomed Japan's efforts to expand its roles and capabilities within the alliance. The strengthening of the Japan-U.S. Alliance remained a cornerstone of Japan's diplomatic and security policy.