Russian Ambassador Warns on Bulgaria's Plans for Largest NATO Base with Italy

Russian Ambassador's Statement

The Russian Ambassador to Bulgaria, Eleonora Mitrofanova, has voiced concerns over Bulgaria's intentions to establish what she termed the 'largest NATO base' within its borders. In an interview with Russian media outlet Izvestia, Mitrofanova stated that these plans are part of a defense cooperation agreement between Bulgaria and Italy. She highlighted that NATO member states are openly pursuing further militarization of their eastern flank, with Bulgaria's plans including not only the base construction but also the acquisition of new weapons and the creation of 'military mobility corridors' to facilitate troop movements.

Bulgaria-Italy Defense Agreement and Kabile Base

In August 2025, the Bulgarian Council of Ministers approved a draft defense cooperation agreement with Italy. This agreement focuses on the joint construction and operation of military facilities within the Kabile military district. The project is considered a strategic move to strengthen both Bulgaria's and NATO's defense capabilities, providing necessary infrastructure for the deployment and support of the multinational battlegroup currently stationed in Bulgaria.

The base is designed to host the existing multinational battlegroup, with the potential for expansion to the size of a full brigade or even a division. Defense Minister Atanas Zapryanov stated in June 2025 that the base is planned to accommodate 3,000 personnel, with its design overseen by the NATO Support and Services Agency. The initial cost of the project is estimated at approximately €100 million, with significant funding anticipated from NATO's general budget.

NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence in Bulgaria

NATO established a multinational battlegroup in Bulgaria in March 2022, which achieved full operational capability in December 2022. Italy serves as the framework nation for this battlegroup, contributing over 700 troops and more than 50 pieces of military equipment. The battlegroup currently comprises around 1,300 personnel, with contributions from Albania, Greece, the Republic of North Macedonia, Türkiye, and the United States, among others.

Bulgarian authorities have indicated preparations for a potential increase in NATO forces from the current 1,200-1,300 personnel to up to 5,000 soldiers, which would constitute a brigade-level formation. The multinational battlegroup in Bulgaria is positioned for an upgrade to brigade level, aligning with NATO's strategy to strengthen deterrence along its eastern flank, particularly in countries bordering the Black Sea.

Russian Concerns and Regional Context

Ambassador Mitrofanova's warning underscores Russia's view that such NATO initiatives represent an 'aggressive militarization of Europe' and contribute to rising tensions in the Black Sea region. Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova previously noted that the agreement with Italy involves significant infrastructure development, including new barracks and communication routes, enabling NATO forces in Bulgaria to expand. Russia has indicated that it factors the expansion of NATO contingents into its military planning and will implement countermeasures if deemed necessary.