Russia Begins Modernizing Older T-72A Tanks Amid Dwindling Newer Model Stocks

Modernization Efforts Underway at Uralvagonzavod

The Russian Federation has reportedly initiated a program to modernize its older T-72A main battle tanks. New footage from the Uralvagonzavod plant indicates these tanks are undergoing significant upgrades, a development attributed by analysts to the diminishing availability of newer T-72B models.

Armored vehicle researcher Andriy Tarasenko shared video evidence from the tank plant, showcasing a T-72A fitted with Relikt explosive reactive armor on its turret. Additionally, the track-side fenders are being equipped with protective modules, replacing the standard auxiliary fuel tanks. These enhancements are consistent with upgrades seen on T-72B3-type standards.

Strategic Shift Driven by Depleted Reserves

The decision to modernize the older T-72A tanks, which were produced between 1979 and 1985, stems from substantial losses of more modern tanks. Reports indicate that Russian forces lost approximately half of their T-72B and T-72B3M main battle tanks within the first year of the ongoing conflict. This has necessitated a reliance on older, stored equipment to replenish armored vehicle stocks.

Analysts at Frontelligence Insight, after reviewing internal documentation from Uralvagonzavod, project that Russia plans to overhaul and upgrade 828 T-72 tanks to the T-72B3M configuration by 2036. Peak activity for this modernization program is anticipated around 2028, with 498 T-72B3M tanks slated for repair or upgrade between 2027 and 2029. OSINT researcher Jompy, who tracks Russian equipment stocks via satellite imagery, notes that this figure closely matches the estimated number of remaining T-72 tanks in storage, with roughly two-thirds being older T-72A models.

Technical Complexities and Broader Context

A full modernization of T-72A tanks to the advanced T-72B3M standard is considered technically complex. It would require a comprehensive replacement of electronic systems, modifications to the chassis and autoloader, and significant upgrades to the hull and turret armor packages. However, simpler restorations of T-72A tanks, equipped with reactive armor similar to the T-72B3, have already been observed in Russian service in 2024.

While Russia's defense industry has increased the production of newer tanks like the T-90M and T-80BVM, with estimates suggesting up to 250 T-90M and 150 T-80BVM tanks annually, these numbers have not been sufficient to offset combat losses. The modernization of older T-72A tanks underscores the ongoing efforts to maintain and bolster the armored capabilities of the Russian military amidst sustained operational demands.