European Troops Deploy to Greenland for NATO's 'Operation Arctic Endurance' Amidst Geopolitical Tensions

European Allies Mobilize for Arctic Endurance in Greenland

Several European NATO member states have deployed military personnel to Greenland for 'Operation Arctic Endurance,' a Danish-led military exercise taking place in January 2026. This deployment comes amidst heightened geopolitical tensions surrounding the island's status, particularly following renewed assertions of American claims to the territory. The exercise is designed to enhance Arctic security training and prepare for a larger NATO presence in the region.

Operation Arctic Endurance: Scope and Participants

The Danish-led 'Operation Arctic Endurance' commenced in January 2026, with initial deployments beginning around January 15. The exercise is concentrated in key locations across Greenland, including the capital, Nuuk, and Kangerlussuaq. Participating European nations include Denmark (leading), France, Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Belgium, Iceland, and Slovenia. The primary objectives of the operation are to train the ability to operate under unique Arctic conditions, strengthen NATO's footprint in the region, and demonstrate the alliance's readiness to defend Greenland.

Initial deployments involved small reconnaissance teams, with approximately 15 French soldiers from the 27th Mountain Infantry Brigade and 13 German soldiers from the Bundeswehr. These teams are tasked with assessing conditions for potential wider allied deployments. The exercise activities for 2026 are expected to include:

• Guarding critical infrastructure
• Providing assistance to local authorities, including the police
• Receiving allied troops
• Deploying fighter aircraft in and around Greenland
• Conducting naval operations

Geopolitical Context: US Claims and European Response

The deployment occurs amid a significant geopolitical dispute stemming from US President Donald Trump's renewed interest in acquiring Greenland. President Trump has reportedly threatened the use of military force and announced tariffs against European nations participating in the exercise, escalating what has been termed the 'Greenland crisis'. This stance has been met with strong rebukes from Greenland and Denmark, who maintain that the island is not for sale.

In response to these tensions, European leaders have emphasized their commitment to Greenland's sovereignty and Arctic security. Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen stated that Greenland's defense is a 'common concern' for the entire NATO alliance. Greenland's Minister for Foreign Affairs and Research, Vivian Motzfeldt, underscored the importance of strengthening defense in close cooperation with NATO allies. French President Emmanuel Macron confirmed the deployment of French forces, stating that an 'initial team' was on site and would be reinforced.

Strengthening Arctic Security and NATO Unity

The 'Operation Arctic Endurance' exercise is a clear demonstration of European NATO members' resolve to bolster security in the Arctic region and uphold Denmark's sovereignty over Greenland. The Danish Ministry of Defence, in cooperation with the Government of Greenland, has affirmed its commitment to increasing military presence and exercise activity in the area. NATO is also reportedly considering an 'Arctic Sentry' mission to further enhance surveillance and defense capabilities in the region, aiming to balance tensions and address potential threats from other global powers. This collective effort underscores the strategic importance of Greenland within the broader framework of European and transatlantic security.