Belarus Approves Construction of Third BelNPP Unit to Bolster Energy Self-Sufficiency

Decision Made for BelNPP Expansion

Belarus has announced its decision to proceed with the construction of a third power unit at the Belarusian Nuclear Power Plant (BelNPP) located near Ostrovets. This move, confirmed in November 2025, is a strategic step aimed at significantly boosting the country's energy self-sufficiency and addressing its increasing electricity consumption.

The announcement follows a meeting involving Deputy Prime Minister Viktar Karankevich and President Alyaksandr Lukashenka, where the development of nuclear energy was a key discussion point. The decision to expand the existing BelNPP site leverages established infrastructure and a skilled workforce, presenting a rational path for future energy development.

Current Contribution to Energy Independence

The BelNPP currently operates with two VVER-1200 reactor units, each with a capacity of approximately 1200 MW, contributing a combined total of around 2400 MW to the national grid. Unit 1 commenced commercial operation in June 2021, while Unit 2 followed in November 2023.

Since its launch, the plant has played a pivotal role in transforming Belarus's energy landscape. It has generated over 53 billion kWh of electricity, enabling the country to completely cease electricity imports and reduce its dependence on natural gas by approximately 14.5 billion cubic meters. Nuclear power now accounts for roughly 40% of Belarus's electricity generation, a substantial shift from a previous reliance on imported natural gas for over 90% of its electricity needs.

Rationale and Future Impact of the Third Unit

The impetus for the third unit stems from a consistently growing demand for electricity across various sectors, including manufacturing, the broader economy, and residential use, particularly for heating and electric transport. Electricity consumption in Belarus has seen an increase of 6 billion kWh over the past five years, reaching a historic high of 43.3 billion kWh in 2024.

The planned third unit is expected to be a replica of the existing VVER-1200 reactors, adding another 1200 MW of capacity. The estimated commissioning period for this new unit is between 2035 and 2038. The project is anticipated to further reduce natural gas consumption and decrease carbon dioxide emissions, reinforcing Belarus's commitment to a cleaner and more secure energy future.

In parallel with the BelNPP expansion, Belarus is also conducting surveys for a potential second nuclear power plant site in the Mogilev region, indicating a long-term vision for nuclear energy development. The construction and operation of the BelNPP, including the future third unit, are supported by Russia's Rosatom, which built the initial units and is expected to supply the reactor for the new expansion.

Enhancing Energy Security and Economic Benefits

The expansion of the BelNPP is seen by Belarusian officials as a crucial step in strengthening the country's energy security and achieving greater economic sovereignty. The plant's operation has already led to significant financial savings and the establishment of a new economic sector, complete with modern infrastructure and a robust workforce training system. The addition of a third unit is projected to require approximately one thousand additional highly qualified nuclear specialists, creating new opportunities for education and employment.