Netherlands Unveils Major Military Infrastructure Expansion Across 56 Locations

Strategic Expansion Amidst Global Threats

The Netherlands is embarking on its most substantial military infrastructure expansion in decades, identifying 56 locations across the country for new facilities and upgrades. This ambitious plan is a direct response to escalating global security concerns, notably the deteriorating situation in Eastern Europe, and aims to bolster the nation's defense capabilities and meet its NATO commitments. The Dutch government is expected to make a final decision on the proposal in December 2025, with implementation slated to begin in 2026 and full completion projected by 2040.

State Secretary for Defence, Gijs Tuinman, has been a central figure in these discussions, emphasizing the critical need for this expansion. The Ministry of Defence, led by Minister Ruben Brekelmans, views this program as essential for future-proofing the country's security.

Key Infrastructure Projects and Locations

The expansion encompasses a wide array of military needs, including air bases, army barracks, naval facilities, and training areas. Among the most prominent projects is the designation of Lelystad Airport as a new base for F-35 fighter jets. This decision has generated debate, with local authorities in Flevoland province advocating for the continuation of civilian flights alongside military operations.

Another significant development is the planned construction of a large, central barracks in Zeewolde, designed to accommodate approximately 7,000 military personnel. Other notable infrastructure plans include:

• New facilities for large-scale ammunition storage, with Staphorst identified as a suitable location.
• Expansion of low-flying areas and the establishment of a new amphibious training area near Groote Keeten in North Holland.
• Vliegbasis De Kooy in Den Helder will be equipped to station unmanned helicopters (drones heavier than 150 kilograms) for mine countermeasures and sea reconnaissance.

While most locations have been confirmed, eight sites require further assessment due to concerns such as helicopter operations at the Harskamp military area and noise pollution at Woensdrecht Air Base and Gilze-Rijen Air Base. The implementation of these plans may necessitate the expropriation of private homes or farmland and the relocation of businesses in some areas.

Increased Defence Spending and Personnel Growth

This infrastructure overhaul is part of a broader commitment to significantly increase defense spending. The Netherlands' defense budget is projected to rise to an estimated €22 billion in 2024 and further to €24 billion by 2025. By 2026, spending is expected to reach €27 billion ($32 billion). The country aims to allocate 2.2% of its GDP to defense by 2026, with a long-term goal of 3.5% of GDP for core military expenditures and an additional 1.5% for security-related spending by 2035, aligning with NATO's newly adopted 5% target.

A substantial portion of this budget, approximately €826.76 million (8%), was allocated to infrastructure and real estate projects in 2024. Furthermore, the Ministry of Defence plans to invest up to €3.5 billion in anti-drone capabilities.

In terms of personnel, the Ministry of Defence aims to expand the Dutch armed forces to 100,000 personnel, including professionals, reservists, and civilian staff, by 2030.