Switzerland Bans Sale of PFAS-Tainted Pike and Perch from Lake Zug

Immediate Ban Imposed on Lake Zug Fish

Swiss authorities have announced an immediate ban on the sale and distribution of pike (Hecht) and perch (Egli) caught in Lake Zug. The decision, effective November 14, 2025, comes after representative samples of these fish species revealed contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly known as 'forever chemicals,' at levels exceeding federal food safety limits.

The Canton of Zug confirmed that while the sale and transfer of these specific fish are forbidden, personal consumption of self-caught fish remains permitted. However, authorities advise restraint due to the chronic nature of PFAS accumulation in the body.

Understanding PFAS Contamination

PFAS are a group of synthetic chemicals valued for their water, grease, and heat-resistant properties, used in a wide array of industrial and consumer products. They are dubbed 'forever chemicals' because they do not naturally degrade and can accumulate in the environment, animals, and humans over time.

Investigations into the source of contamination in Lake Zug point primarily to historical inputs from sites such as former fire training areas and factory zones. Current PFAS inputs are under scrutiny, with indications that past levels were higher. While pike and perch showed elevated levels, other species like whitefish (Felchen) and roach (Rotaugen) from Lake Zug, and fish from nearby Lake Aegeri, did not exceed the maximum permissible PFAS levels.

Health Implications and National Context

Exposure to PFAS has been linked to various adverse health outcomes, including:

• Increased cholesterol levels
• Thyroid disease
• Liver damage
• Reproductive issues and developmental delays in children
• Increased risk of certain cancers, such as kidney and testicular cancer

Despite these concerns, the Canton of Zug has stated that consuming fish contaminated with PFAS poses 'no acute risk to the population.' However, toxicologists emphasize that the primary concern is the chronic accumulation of these substances in the body over time.

This ban follows the introduction of nationally applicable maximum PFAS levels for fish, meat, and eggs in Switzerland in 2024. Switzerland has been actively tightening its regulations on PFAS, with previous incidents including a ban on meat sales in Canton St. Gallen due to PFAS contamination in pastures. The country is also exploring stricter limits for PFAS in drinking water, aligning with new EU requirements.

Economic and Ecological Considerations

The ban will have an economic impact on professional fishermen operating in Lake Zug, and authorities have indicated that they will be compensated for their loss of income. Furthermore, experts are currently investigating the potential ecological consequences of the fishing ban, particularly how an increase in the populations of pike and perch, key predatory fish, might affect the lake's delicate ecosystem.