Putin Meets Syrian Leader Al-Sharaa in Moscow to Redefine Bilateral Ties Post-Assad Regime

Historic Meeting Signals New Era for Russia-Syria Relations

Russian President Vladimir Putin met with Syrian interim leader Ahmed al-Sharaa in Moscow on October 15, 2025, in their first direct talks since the collapse of the Bashar al-Assad regime. The meeting, held at the Kremlin, underscores a pragmatic re-evaluation of the long-standing relationship between the two nations, particularly given Russia's historical support for Assad and al-Sharaa's role in leading the rebel offensive that toppled the former Syrian president.

The Assad regime fell on December 8, 2024, after a swift offensive by opposition forces, spearheaded by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), led by al-Sharaa. Following this, al-Sharaa served as the de facto leader of the post-revolutionary caretaker government before being appointed President of Syria on January 29, 2025.

Key Discussion Points: Military Presence and Economic Cooperation

The high-stakes discussions aimed to 'restore and define the nature of this relationship' between Russia and the new Syrian leadership. A central theme was the future of Russia's military presence in Syria. Al-Sharaa indicated that his government would respect all previously signed agreements, suggesting that Russia would be permitted to retain its strategic military bases, including the Hmeimim airbase and the Tartus naval facility. These bases are considered vital for Russia's influence in the Eastern Mediterranean and its logistical routes.

Economic cooperation was also a significant agenda item. Both leaders reportedly discussed:

• Strengthening bilateral cooperation in energy and transport.
• Russia's support for Syria's reconstruction efforts following years of civil war.
• Exploring ways to develop cooperation to serve the common interests of both countries.

Syrian officials are reportedly seeking Russia's assistance in rebuilding the Syrian army and preventing the rearmament of 'remnants' of Assad's forces.

A Shift in Geopolitical Landscape

The meeting represents a notable geopolitical shift, as Russia, which had militarily intervened in Syria's civil war in 2015 to support Assad, is now engaging with the very forces that overthrew him. Bashar al-Assad himself is currently in exile in Moscow, having fled there after his ouster. Reports suggest that al-Sharaa is expected to formally request Assad's extradition for trial over crimes against Syrians.

Despite their past adversarial roles, both leaders appear to be adopting a pragmatic approach to forge a new framework for partnership, emphasizing Syria's 'independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity'. This engagement is crucial for Syria's new leadership to rebuild its war-torn economy and regain international legitimacy, while for Russia, it ensures continued influence in the Middle East.