Germany's Bundeswehr Initiates Questionnaire Process for New Military Service Law, Targeting 650,000 Young Germans

New Military Service Law Takes Effect January 2026

In a significant development for Germany's national defense, the Bundeswehr is initiating the process of sending questionnaires to 650,000 young Germans. This move comes as a new military service law, recently approved by both the Bundestag and Bundesrat, is set to officially come into force on January 1, 2026. The legislation marks a pivotal shift in Germany's approach to military recruitment, aiming to strengthen its armed forces amidst evolving geopolitical challenges.

Mandatory Questionnaires and Voluntary Service Model

Under the new law, all German men born in 2008 or later will be required to complete an online questionnaire upon turning 18. While participation for women remains voluntary, the questionnaires are designed to gather crucial information regarding individuals' willingness and ability to serve, including details on health, education, and other qualifications. Approximately 400,000 young men are expected to receive these questionnaires annually. Based on the responses, an estimated 40,000 to 50,000 individuals will be invited for a medical examination.

The military service itself will initially remain voluntary. However, the law includes a provision for 'needs-based conscription' (Bedarfswehrpflicht), allowing for the reintroduction of mandatory service if volunteer numbers prove insufficient. Activating this provision would require a separate parliamentary vote.

Boosting Bundeswehr Strength and Incentives

The primary objective of the new military service model is to significantly increase the strength of the Bundeswehr. The goal is to expand the number of active personnel from the current approximately 184,000 to between 255,000 and 270,000 by 2035. Additionally, the law aims to boost the number of reservists, targeting a total force of up to 470,000 soldiers.

To attract volunteers, the Bundeswehr is offering competitive incentives. Those who choose to serve will receive a monthly pay of €2,600 before tax for a service period ranging from six to eleven months. Further benefits, such as assistance with obtaining a driving license, are also part of the recruitment package.

Context and Public Reaction

Germany suspended compulsory military service in 2011, a decision that has been re-evaluated in light of heightened security concerns, particularly following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The reintroduction of this modified conscription model is a direct response to the need to enhance Germany's defense capabilities and fulfill its commitments within NATO. Defense Minister Boris Pistorius has been a vocal proponent of these reforms.

The new law has not been without controversy, sparking protests and unease among some segments of the population, including young people and Ukrainian refugees in Germany.