Hong Kong Legislative Council Election Sees Second-Lowest Turnout on Record Amid Electoral Overhaul

Low Voter Engagement Marks Latest Legislative Council Election

Hong Kong's Legislative Council elections, held on Sunday, December 7, 2025, concluded with a provisional voter turnout of 31.9%. This figure represents the second-lowest participation rate on record for a Legislative Council election in the city's history. The previous record low was set in the 2021 election, which saw a turnout of 30.2%.

The subdued turnout reflects ongoing public sentiment following significant electoral reforms implemented by Beijing. Despite government efforts to encourage voting, including offering incentives such as retail discounts and free swimming pool access, a substantial portion of the electorate remained disengaged.

Impact of China-Led Electoral Changes

The low turnout is largely attributed to the comprehensive electoral overhaul initiated by China's National People's Congress (NPC) on March 11, 2021. These changes were designed to ensure that only 'patriots' govern Hong Kong, fundamentally altering the composition and election methods of the Legislative Council.

Key aspects of the 2021 overhaul included:

• An increase in the total number of Legislative Council seats from 70 to 90.
• A reduction in directly elected geographical constituency seats from 35 to 20.
• The introduction of 40 seats to be elected by the largely pro-Beijing Election Committee.
• The establishment of a stringent vetting mechanism to confirm the 'patriotism' of all candidates, effectively barring many opposition figures from running.

These reforms led to the 2021 election being the first under the 'patriots-only' system, which saw a record low turnout and an overwhelming majority of pro-Beijing candidates elected.

Public Anger and Boycott Contribute to Disengagement

Public anger and a widespread boycott by pro-democracy supporters have been cited as primary reasons for the sustained low voter participation. Many pro-democracy figures were either arrested, forced into exile, or chose not to participate in a system they view as undemocratic.

The recent election also took place shortly after a deadly fire in the city, which some analysts suggested contributed to a somber public mood and further disinterest in the polls. Despite government campaigns to boost participation, the turnout figures indicate continued public disengagement with the revamped electoral process.