Japan's PM Takaichi Raises 'Serious Concerns' with Xi Jinping at APEC Summit

Takaichi Confronts Xi on Regional Issues

Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi held a direct meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping on October 31, 2025, on the sidelines of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in Gyeongju, South Korea. During their first encounter since Takaichi assumed office, the Japanese leader conveyed 'serious concerns' over several contentious issues impacting regional stability and human rights.

Key Points of Contention

Prime Minister Takaichi explicitly raised concerns regarding China's actions in the South China Sea, the situations in Hong Kong and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, and the disputed Senkaku islands (known as Diaoyu in China). These territories and regions have long been sources of tension between Beijing and its neighbors, as well as the international community. China maintains sweeping assertions of sovereignty over the South China Sea, despite a 2016 international ruling that concluded its claims have no legal basis. Beijing also vehemently denies accusations of human rights abuses against Uyghurs in Xinjiang, stating its policies have eradicated extremism and boosted development.

The Senkaku islands in the East China Sea are a particularly sensitive point, with Japanese and Chinese vessels frequently facing off in the waters surrounding them. Takaichi also pressed for the release of Japanese citizens detained in China and requested assurances for the safety of Japanese expatriates.

Bilateral Relations and Future Dialogue

Despite the frank exchange, Prime Minister Takaichi emphasized her desire for a 'strategic and mutually beneficial relationship between Japan and China.' President Xi Jinping, in response, expressed his hope that Takaichi's government would develop a 'correct understanding' of China. The leaders reaffirmed their commitment to promoting a 'mutually beneficial relationship based on common strategic interests' and building 'constructive and stable Japan-China relations.' Takaichi stated that 'it was important for us to engage in direct, candid dialogue' and confirmed the importance of communicating through multiple channels, especially given existing concerns.

Context of Takaichi's Premiership

Sanae Takaichi made history by becoming Japan's first female Prime Minister on October 21, 2025, following her election as President of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). Known for her conservative and often hawkish stance, particularly on defense and foreign policy, her direct approach to China was anticipated by observers. Her meeting with Xi Jinping followed separate discussions with US President Donald Trump, underscoring the complex geopolitical landscape Japan navigates.