South African Parliament Launches Probe into Lesotho-SA Dual Citizenship Amid Border Service Delivery Concerns

Parliamentary Probe Initiated

The South African Parliament has announced an investigation into the dual citizenship status of citizens from Lesotho and South Africa. This inquiry, spearheaded by the Select Committee on Security and Justice, seeks to address pressing concerns that are reportedly affecting service delivery in towns situated along the border between the two nations. The decision to launch this probe was reported on October 24, 2025.

Addressing Service Delivery and Border Challenges

The parliamentary committee heard that several issues necessitate this investigation. Among the primary concerns are reports of Lesotho nationals crossing into South Africa to access social grants and health services. Furthermore, the committee was informed about instances of illegal border crossings, attributed in part to inadequate policing. Allegations of some security personnel at the border collaborating with 'rogue elements' have also been raised, highlighting a complex challenge at the border posts.

The integrity of South Africa's borders is reportedly compromised by critical staff shortages within the police, the Border Management Authority, and the South African National Defence Force. These shortages, coupled with shrinking budgets, are said to hamper effective border management.

Lesotho's Stance on Dual Citizenship

From Lesotho's perspective, the issue of dual citizenship has a significant history. In 2018, Lesotho amended its constitution to permit dual citizenship. This constitutional change was aimed at reversing a 'brain drain' and encouraging Basotho living abroad, particularly the estimated 400,000 Basotho residing in South Africa, to invest and contribute to their home country without renouncing their original citizenship. Prior to this amendment, Lesotho's constitution prohibited its citizens from holding citizenship of another country. Public support for legalizing dual citizenship, especially with South Africa, was notably strong in Lesotho, as indicated by Afrobarometer surveys conducted in 2018.

Bilateral Efforts and Ongoing Concerns

The challenges at the border have prompted bilateral discussions and agreements. In March 2023, South Africa and Lesotho signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to combat cross-border crimes and facilitate the smooth movement of people and goods between the two countries. More recently, in February 2025, a spokesperson for Lesotho's Prime Minister requested a 'grace period' for Lesotho nationals found to have overstayed in South Africa, alongside calls for work permits for those employed in the country.

The South African Parliament's investigation is expected to delve into these multifaceted issues, seeking solutions that address the concerns of both nations regarding citizenship, border management, and equitable service delivery.