Switzerland Commits Millions to Modernize Extensive Bunker Network Amid Evolving Global Security Landscape

Strategic Investment in Civil Protection

Switzerland is embarking on a significant, multi-year program to modernize its extensive network of personal shelters and civil protection sites. The Swiss government plans to allocate 220 million Swiss francs (approximately $250 million USD or £200 million GBP) over the next 15 years for this overhaul. This investment is a direct response to a reassessment of the global security landscape, particularly in light of recent international conflicts, and the need to update aging infrastructure.

The Federal Council, Switzerland's executive body, emphasized the importance of maintaining existing protective structures given the altered global security environment. Consultations for a revision of the Civil Protection Ordinance were opened in October 2024 and are set to conclude by February 7, 2025.

A Unique National Mandate

Switzerland's commitment to civil protection is deeply rooted in its history, with a 1963 law (sometimes cited as 1962) mandating the construction of shelters in all new residential buildings. This unique legislation ensures that every resident, including foreigners and refugees, is guaranteed a protected space in the event of a crisis. The country boasts an unparalleled network of approximately 370,000 shelters, comprising around 360,000 private shelters and 9,000 public facilities, collectively capable of accommodating more than its entire population of 8.7 to 9 million people.

Historically, the motto 'Neutrality won't protect us from radioactivity' underscored the nation's proactive approach to preparedness during the Cold War era. The Federal Office for Civil Protection (FOCP) is the central federal authority responsible for coordinating these civil defense services across cantons and municipalities.

Focus on Modernization and Functionality

The primary focus of the current modernization plan is to update critical components, particularly aging ventilation systems, many of which are over 40 years old and have reached the end of their reliable service life. The government is also shifting its strategy to prioritize larger, public shelters over smaller private ones, recognizing evolving threats and population dynamics.

Recent inspections have highlighted the necessity of these upgrades. For instance, in the village of Bercher in Vaud canton, civil protection officers conducting a mandatory 10-year check found a bunker with a door that would not seal shut and an escape tunnel lacking a ladder. The shelter was deemed 'not usable in the current state,' and owners face fines of approximately 800 Swiss francs per resident's spot if faults are not rectified within a year.

Ensuring Resilience, Not Signaling Conflict

Officials emphasize that this investment is aimed at maintaining and ensuring the functionality of the existing network, rather than signaling an immediate preparation for conflict. Louis-Henri Delarageaz, civil protection commander for the canton of Vaud, stated, 'It doesn't mean we're preparing for a conflict – that's not the message – but we have a network of shelters and we need to maintain them and make sure they're functional.' The annual budget for civil protection is projected to increase from CHF 9 million to between CHF 14 and CHF 15 million starting in 2027 to support these ongoing efforts.