Russia Tests Automated ZU-23-2 Air Defense System Against Drone Threats at Kapustin Yar

Russia Unveils Automated Air Defense System

The Russian Federation has reportedly tested a new automated air defense system at the Kapustin Yar test range in the Astrakhan region. The system, designed to counter the growing threat of drone attacks, integrates modernized versions of the Soviet-era ZU-23-2 twin-barreled anti-aircraft gun and 6P49 'Kord' machine guns. The demonstration, reported on October 19, 2025, showcased Russia's efforts to enhance its local air defense capabilities against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and missiles.

Advanced Automation and Integration

The newly tested system represents a significant upgrade to existing weaponry. Unlike the traditional towed configuration, the ZU-23-2 mounts were observed on fixed turrets, suggesting a stationary deployment for strategic defense. Each installation is equipped with an optical-electronic sighting system, a small radar unit for detection and tracking, and additional electronic warfare (EW) components. This integration allows the system to operate as part of an 'automated air defense network' capable of identifying, tracking, and engaging aerial targets with minimal human intervention.

The design indicates that these modules could be deployed in groups to form a comprehensive local defense grid around critical facilities or along known drone flight corridors within Russian territory. Transportation and installation of these units are expected to utilize military trucks, such as the Ural series.

The ZU-23-2: A Resurgent Platform

The ZU-23-2, originally developed in the late 1950s and entering service in 1960, is a 23x152mm anti-aircraft twin-barreled autocannon known for its reliability and cost-effectiveness. It boasts a cyclic rate of fire of up to 2,000 rounds per minute and an effective range of 2 to 2.5 kilometers against air targets. Its continued use and modernization highlight its adaptability in contemporary warfare, particularly against low-flying threats like drones.

Kapustin Yar: A Historic Testbed

The testing took place at the Kapustin Yar military training area and rocket launch complex, located approximately 100 kilometers east of Volgograd in Astrakhan Oblast. Established by the Soviet Union on May 13, 1946, Kapustin Yar has historically served as a crucial site for testing various military technologies, including ballistic missiles and space launches. Its role as a primary test range underscores the strategic importance Russia places on developing advanced defense systems.

Responding to Evolving Threats

This development comes as Russia continues to face persistent drone attacks, particularly from Ukraine, targeting various strategic locations and infrastructure. The automation and integration of the ZU-23-2 system into a networked defense architecture reflect Russia's ongoing efforts to adapt its military capabilities to counter the evolving nature of modern aerial threats.