Prolonged Power Outages Severely Hamper Independent Journalism in Cuba

Cuba Grapples with Widespread Blackouts

Cuba is currently experiencing a severe and escalating energy crisis, characterized by prolonged and frequent power outages that have intensified since September 2025. These blackouts, some lasting for up to several days and even reaching 30 continuous hours in certain regions, are a significant disruption to daily life across the island. The crisis stems from a combination of factors, including an aging electrical infrastructure, chronic fuel shortages, deteriorating power plants, and a lack of investment in the national grid. Key facilities like the Antonio Guiteras Power Plant have been cited in numerous breakdowns, contributing to widespread electricity cuts that have plagued the country since February 2024, with major incidents reported in March, October, and December 2024, and continuing into the current year.

Independent Journalists Face Crippling Disruption

The ongoing power outages have created a profound information blackout for independent journalists in Cuba, severely impeding their ability to conduct and publish their work. A critical consequence of the electricity cuts is the loss of internet connectivity, as many telecommunications antennas operated by the state monopoly Etecsa lack the battery backup to function during blackouts. This 'double disconnection' means reporters lose contact with sources, struggle to publish content online, and are unable to access essential websites. Yoani Sánchez, director of the digital outlet 14ymedio, stated that 'Right now, the blackouts are affecting the work of the newspaper 14ymedio as much as the repression.' Journalists like Adelth Bonne of Cubanet have reported a direct impact on their productivity, with Bonne noting he has had to 'slow down the frequency of videos' due to the need for strong internet and good lighting.

Broader Implications for Media Operations and Well-being

Beyond immediate operational challenges, the energy crisis has broader implications for Cuban journalists. The paralysis of institutions and ministries during blackouts limits access to official information, complicating data verification and bureaucratic procedures. Digital media organizations, such as Cubanet, headquartered in Miami, face difficulties in providing updated equipment like computers and telephones to their nearly 30 contributors on the island. The prolonged outages also take a significant toll on the physical and mental health of journalists. Freelance journalist Inalkis Rodríguez described the constant stress, stating, 'The stress is constant because there's practically no time to do anything at home, like poorly cooking and then eating cold food.' In a country where protest is often criminalized, speaking out about the energy crisis has reportedly led to detention, further highlighting the precarious environment for independent media. The Cuban government has historically used internet restrictions to control information during significant events and has routinely blocked independent news sites.

Government Response and Ongoing Challenges

The Cuban government attributes the blackouts to the U.S. embargo and a lack of resources, while also acknowledging issues with aging infrastructure and fuel shortages. Official spokespersons have urged the population to highlight 'the resilience of the Cuban people' on social media amidst the crisis. However, promises to reduce blackouts, particularly during the summer, have not been fulfilled, leading to public skepticism and frustration. The state-run media has also featured official journalists who justify the power outages and criticize public complaints, often blaming external factors. Despite efforts to implement solutions like the recovery of thermal units and the expansion of renewable energies, the structural deficiencies of the electrical system continue to pose significant challenges, ensuring that blackouts remain a part of daily life for millions of Cubans.